Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Anadolu Bil Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, cilt.19, sa.70, ss.105-128, 2024 (Hakemli Dergi)
In this review, the fundamental characteristics of liposomal constituents required for the development and application of liposomes, as well as the techniques employed for liposome preparation, are explained, along with examples of their use in foods. Liposomes are composed of two-layered membranes formed spontaneously by molecules called phospholipids in an aqueous environment. Molecules of phospholipids have a structure that includes polar (water-associated) head groups and nonpolar hydrocarbon tails. Liposomes can carry both hydrophilic (water-soluble) and hydrophobic (water-repellent) compounds because they have both aqueous and lipid phases. Liposomes can be categorized into various groups based on their sizes and the number of layers. Two main types are referred to as multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) and unilamellar vesicles (ULVs). Various methods are used for the preparing of liposomes, detergent removal technique, including the thin-film method, extrusion method, injection method, heating method, supercritical fluid method, microfluidization, and ultrasonication. The application of liposomal coating is extensively utilized in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals for delivering bioactive substances, medications, and vaccines. Over the last twenty years, food liposomes have become a focal point in food science research, with the anticipation of discovering broad applications in the food industry. Liposomes are used in the food industry for the transport and controlled release of bioactive compounds. Liposomes are particularly intriguing due to their resemblance to cell membranes in terms of composition and structure, which makes them valuable for improving the bioavailability of encapsulated functional compounds. Diversifying the materials and methods used in liposome preparation and developing high-stability, low-cost liposomes, as in methods such heating method and sonication are important for expanding potential application areas.